Alloy steel involves the addition of small percentages (up to 5%) of other elements to a base composition of iron and carbon. These alloying metals enhance properties such as corrosion resistance, machinability, and more. Low alloy steels offer distinct advantages in hardenability, strength, and ease of machining. By reducing the carbon content to approximately 0.2%, low alloy steels gain enhanced strength and formability.

Common alloying elements include

● Manganese: this steel alloy becomes less brittle and easier to hammer and it is used with small amounts of sulfur and phosphorus.
● Chromium: with the addition of larger percentages (4% – 18%) it will help to prevent corrosion whereas a small percentage (0.5% – 2%) can help to harden the alloy.
● Vanadium: when mixed with chromium, this steel alloy becomes harder, but it retains its formability by 15% boost in strength, heat resistance, and overall grain structure.
● Nickel: adding 12%, it provides impressive corrosion resistance. 5%, this alloying element will improve the steel’s strength.
● Tungsten: Boosts heat resistance, so the melting point is higher. Also improves the structural makeup of the steel.
● Aluminum: Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting.

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