Carbon Steel Material `Stainless Steel Alloys

Carbon steel is defined as a steel alloy containing a carbon content of up to 2.1% by weight. Higher carbon concentrations typically yield harder and more brittle steels, while lower carbon concentrations result in more ductile and tougher materials. According to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), carbon steel is characterized by the absence of specified minimum content requirements for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element intended to achieve specific alloying effects. The specified minimum content of copper does not exceed 0.40%. Additionally, the maximum allowable percentages for certain elements are: manganese up to 1.65%, silicon up to 0.60%, and copper up to 0.60%.

Carbon Steel Composition

Carbon Steel Properties

Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content up to 2.1% by weight.

Carbon steel is broken down into four classes based on carbon content:

Low-carbon steel
0.05 to 0.30% carbon content..

Medium-carbon steel
Approximately 0.3–0.8% carbon content. Balances ductility and strength and has good wear resistance; used for large parts, forging and automotive components.

High-carbon steel
Approximately 0.8–2.0% carbon content. Very strong, used for springs, edged tools, and high-strength wires.

Ultra-high-carbon steel
Approximately 3.25–4.0% carbon content. Steels that can be tempered to great hardness. Used for special purposes like (non-industrial-purpose) knives, axles or punches. Most steels with more than 2.5% carbon content are made using powder metallurgy.

Forging temperature of steel

Steel Type	Maximum forging temperature (°F / °C)	Burning temperature (°F / °C)
1.5% carbon	1920 / 1049	2080 / 1140
1.1% carbon	1980 / 1082	2140 / 1171
0.9% carbon	2050 / 1121	2230 / 1221
0.5% carbon	2280 / 1249	2460 / 1349
0.2% carbon	2410 / 1321	2680 / 1471
3.0% nickel steel	2280 / 1249	2500 / 1371
3.0% nickel–chromium steel	2280 / 1249	2500 / 1371
5.0% nickel (case-hardening) steel	2320 / 1271	2640 / 1449
Chromium–vanadium steel	2280 / 1249	2460 / 1349
High-speed steel	2370 / 1299	2520 / 1385
Stainless steel	2340 / 1282	2520 / 1385
Austenitic chromium–nickel steel	2370 / 1299	2590 / 1420
Silico-manganese spring steel	2280 / 1249	2460 / 1350

Steel Alloys Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content not more than 2.1% by weight. steels with a higher carbon content are hard and brittle, while steels with a lower carbon content are ductile and tough. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states that carbon steel is one with no minimum content specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect. The specified minimum amount for copper does not exceed 0.40 %. For the maximum content specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages are manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, copper 0.60.

High Carbon Steel
- Vulnerable to rust
- Brittle
- Wear-resistant
Stainless Steel
- Resistant to rust
- Less brittle
- Less wear-resistant

Based on the carbon percentage the carbon steel further classified into four groups they are

Dead mild steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon Steel
High carbon steel

SPECIAL STEEL

Inconel
Incoloy
Monel
Hastelloy
Nickel Alloy
Alloy 20
904L stainles Steel
Titanium
Copper
Copper Nickel
Nimonic
Invar
AL6XN
Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel 304
- Stainless Steel Pipe
- Stainless Steel Tube
- Stainless Steel Tubing
Stainless Steel 304L
Stainless Steel 304H
Stainless Steel 310/S
Stainless Steel 310H
Stainless Steel 316
Stainless Steel 316L
Stainless Steel 316Ti
Stainless Steel 317/L
Stainless Steel 347
Stainless Steel 347H
Stainless Steel 310
Stainless Steel 346L